A creature's 'element' (Light, Dark, War, Love, Memory, Satiation, and so on). Stacking matching Aspects on your board unlocks team buffs at set breakpoints.
“A Traveler's Guide to the Planes: Aspects”, official lore art.
An Aspect is a creature's "element": Light, Dark, War, Love, Memory, Satiation, and more. In the lore they're the world's fundamental principles, which existed as balanced opposing pairs (Love/Hate, Light/Dark) until the Sundering broke them apart.
In battle, stacking Anima that share an Aspect unlocks team buffs at set breakpoints. See the full list on the mechanics page. There are roughly 16 "playable" Aspects out of a larger lore set.